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We report neutron inelastic scattering measurements and analysis of thespectrum of magnons propagating within the Fe2O4 bilayers of LuFe2O4. Theobserved spectrum is consistent with six magnetic modes and a single prominentgap, which is compatible with a single bilayer magnetic unit cell containingsix spins. We model the magnon dispersion by linear spin-wave theory and findvery good agreement with the domain-averaged spectrum of a spin-charge bilayersuperstructure comprising one Fe3+ -rich monolayer and one Fe2+ -richmonolayer. These findings indicate the existence of polar bilayers in LuFe2O4,contrary to recent studies that advocate a charge-segregated non-polar bilayermodel. Weak scattering observed below the magnon gap suggests that a fractionof the bilayers contain other combinations of charged monolayers not includedin the model. Refined values for the dominant exchange interactions arereported.

Magnetic excitation spectrum of LuFe2O4 measured with inelastic neutron scattering