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The quantum dimer model on the square lattice is equivalent to a $U(1)$ gaugetheory. Quantum Monte Carlo calculations reveal that, for values of theRokhsar-Kivelson (RK) coupling $\lambda < 1$, the theory exists in a confiningcolumnar phase. The interfaces separating distinct columnar phases displayplaquette order, which, however, is not realized as a bulk phase. Static"electric" charges are confined by flux tubes that consist of multiple strands,each carrying a fractionalized flux $\frac{1}{4}$. A soft pseudo-Goldstone modeemerges around $\lambda \approx 0$, long before one reaches the RK point at$\lambda = 1$.

Interfaces, Strings, and a Soft Mode in the Square Lattice Quantum Dimer Model