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We investigate experimentally magnetic frustration effects in thermallyactive artificial kagome spin ice. Starting from a paramagnetic state, thesystem is cooled down below the Curie temperature of the constituent material.The resulting magnetic configurations show that our arrays are locally broughtinto the so-called spin ice 2 phase, predicted by at-equilibrium Monte Carlosimulations and characterized by a magnetic charge crystal embedded in adisordered kagome spin lattice. However, by studying our arrays on a largerscale, we find unambiguous signature of an out-of-equilibrium physics.Comparing our findings with numerical simulations, we interpret the efficiencyof our thermalization procedure in terms of kinetic pathways that the systemfollows upon cooling and which drive the arrays into degenerate low-energymanifolds that are hardly accessible otherwise.

Kinetic pathways to the magnetic charge crystal in artificial dipolar spin ice