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Magnetic shape memory Heusler alloys are multiferroics stabilized by thecorrelations between electronic, magnetic and structural order. To study thesecorrelations we use time resolved x-ray diffraction and magneto-optical Kerreffect experiments to measure the laser induced dynamics in a Heusler alloyNi$_2$MnGa film and reveal a set of timescales intrinsic to the system. Weobserve a coherent phonon which we identify as the amplitudon of the modulatedstructure and an ultrafast phase transition leading to a quenching of theincommensurate modulation within 300~fs with a recovery time of a few ps. Thethermally driven martensitic transition to the high temperature cubic phaseproceeds via nucleation within a few ps and domain growth limited by the speedof sound. The demagnetization time is 320~fs, which is comparable to thequenching of the structural modulation.

Structural and Magnetic Dynamics in the Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy Ni$_2$MnGa