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We present a comprehensive theoretical framework for the Andreev bound statepopulation dynamics in superconducting weak links. Contrary to previous works,our approach takes into account the generated nonequilibrium distribution ofthe continuum quasiparticle states in a self-consistent way. As application ofour theory, we show that the coupling of the superconducting contact toenvironmental phase fluctuations induces a charge imbalance of the continuumquasiparticle population. This imbalance is due to the breaking of theleft-right symmetry in the rates connecting continuum quasiparticles and theAndreev bound state system, and causes a quasiparticle current on top of theJosephson current in a ring geometry. We evaluate the phase dependence of thequasiparticle current for realistic choices of the model parameters. Our theoryalso allows one to analyze the quantum coherent evolution of the system from anarbitrary initial state.

Quasiparticle trapping, Andreev level population dynamics, and charge imbalance in superconducting weak links