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In structures made up of alternating superconducting and ferromagnet layers(S/F/S heterostructures), it is known that the macroscopic quantum wavefunctionof the ground state changes its phase difference across the F--layer from 0 toPI under certain temperature and geometrical conditions, whence the name "0-PI"for this crossover. We present here a joint experimental and theoreticaldemonstration that the "0-PI" is a true thermodynamic phase transition:microwave measurements of the temperature dependence of the London penetrationdepth in Nb/Pd_0.84Ni_0.16/Nb trilayers reveal a sudden, unusual decrease ofthe density of the superconducting condensate (square modulus of themacroscopic quantum wavefunction) with decreasing temperature, which ispredicted by the theory here developed as a transition from the 0- to thePI-state. Our result for the jump of the amplitude of the order parameter isthe first thermodynamic manifestation of such temperature-driven quantumtransition.

Thermodynamic nature of the 0-PI quantum transition in superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor trilayers