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The electrical and structural characteristics of SmTiO3/SrTiO3/SmTiO3 andGdTiO3/SrTiO3/GdTiO3 heterostructures are compared. Both types of structurescontain narrow SrTiO3 quantum wells, which accommodate a confined, high-densityelectron gas. As shown previously [Phys. Rev. B 86, 201102(R) (2012)] SrTiO3quantum wells embedded in GdTiO3 show a metal-to-insulator transition whentheir thickness is reduced so that they contain only two SrO layers. Incontrast, quantum wells embedded in SmTiO3 remain metallic down to a single SrOlayer thickness. Symmetry-lowering structural distortions, measured byquantifying the Sr-column displacements, are present in the insulating quantumwells, but are either absent or very weak in all metallic quantum wells,independent of whether they are embedded in SmTiO3 or in GdTiO3. We discuss therole of orthorhombic distortions, orbital ordering, and strong electroncorrelations in the transition to the insulating state.

Correlation between metal-insulator transitions and structural distortions in high-electron-density SrTiO3 quantum wells