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Microwave-induced resistance oscillations (MIRO) and "zero-resistance" states(ZRS) were discovered in ultraclean two-dimensional electron systems in2001-2003 and have attracted great interest from researchers. A comprehensivetheory of these phenomena was developed in 2011: It was shown that allexperimentally observed dependencies can be naturally explained by theinfluence of the ponderomotive forces which arise in the near-contact regionsof the two-dimensional electron gas under the action of microwaves. Now we showthat the same near-contact physical processes should lead to another nonlinearelectrodynamic phenomenon - the second-harmonic generation. We calculate thefrequency, magnetic field, mobility, and power dependencies of thesecond-harmonic intensity and show that it can be as large as ~ 0.5 mW/cm2under realistic experimental conditions. A part of this paper is devoted to afurther discussion of the MIRO/ZRS phenomena: we explain how theponderomotive-force theory explains different experimental details, includingthose which were not known in 2011, and critically discuss alternativetheories.

Microwave-induced zero-resistance" states and second-harmonic generation in an ultraclean two-dimensional electron gas