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When an electron tunnels between two metal contacts it temporarily induces animage charge (IC) in the electrodes which acts back on the tunneling electron.It is usually assumed that the IC forms instantaneously such that a staticmodel for the image potential applies. Here we investigate how the finite ICformation time affects charge transport through a molecule suspended betweentwo electrodes. For a single level model, an analytical treatment shows thatthe conductance is suppressed by a factor $Z^2$ (compared to the static ICapproximation) where $Z$ is the quasiparticle renormalization factor. We showthat $Z$ can be expressed either in terms of the plasma frequency of theelectrode or as the overlap between the ground states of the electrode with andwithout an electron on the molecule. First-principles GW calculations forbenzene-diamine connected to gold electrodes show that the dynamicalcorrections can reduce the conductance by more than a factor of two.

Dynamical Image Charge Effect in Molecular Tunnel Junctions: Beyond Energy Level Alignment