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We present a comparative theoretical and experimental study of dynamicstructure factors (momentum-dependent loss functions) of the noble metals Cu,Ag, and Au in the energy range of 0$-$60 eV. The emphasis is on theoreticalresults that are compared with new as well as available experimental data.Dynamic structure factors are calculated within the linear-response formalismof time-dependent density-functional theory, using the full-potentiallinearized augmented plane-wave (FP-LAPW) method. For the studied energy range,local-field effects are found to be very important for Ag and Au and onlymarginally relevant for Cu. We present an explanation for this surprisingbehavior. Loss functions of all three metals possess a complex multi-peakstructure. We classify the features in the loss function as being related tocollective excitations, interband transitions, or mixed modes. The impact ofshort-range correlations on the dynamic response functions are evaluated bycomparing the results of the random-phase approximation to those of thetime-dependent local-density approximation. Exchange correlation effects arefound to be weak for small momentum transfers, but increasingly important forlarger momenta. The calculated structure factors agree well with experiments.

Dynamic structure factors of Cu, Ag, and Au: A comparative study from first principles