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In BaFe2As2, structural and magnetic planar defects begin to proliferatebelow the structural phase transition, affecting descriptions of magnetism andsuperconductivity. We study using density-functional theory the stability andmagnetic properties of competing antiphase and domain boundaries, twins andisolated $nano$twins (twin nuclei) - spin excitations proposed and/or observed.These nanoscale defects have very low surface energy ($22$-$210$~$m$Jm$^{-2}$),with twins favorable to the mesoscale. Defects exhibit smaller moments confinednear their boundaries -- making a uniform-moment picture inappropriate forlong-range magnetic order in real samples. {\it{Nano}}twins explain features inmeasured pair distribution functions, so should be considered when analyzingscattering data. All these defects can be weakly mobile and/or havefluctuations that lower assessed "ordered" moments from longer spatial and/ortime averaging, and should be considered directly.

Low-energy, planar magnetic defects in BaFe2As2: nanotwins, twins, antiphase and domain boundaries