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The field of charged impurities in narrow-band gap semiconductors and Weylsemimetals can create electron-hole pairs when the total charge $Ze$ of theimpurity exceeds a value $Z_{c}e$. The particles of one charge escape toinfinity, leaving a screening space charge. The result is that the observabledimensionless impurity charge $Q_{\infty}$ is less than $Z$ but greater than$Z_{c}$. There is a corresponding effect for nuclei with $Z >Z_{c} \approx170$, however in the condensed matter setting we find $Z_{c} \simeq 10$.Thomas-Fermi theory indicates that $Q_{\infty} = 0$ for the Weyl semimetal, butwe argue that this is a defect of the theory. For the case of a highly-chargedrecombination center in a narrow band-gap semiconductor (or of a superchargednucleus), the observable charge takes on a nearly universal value. In Weylsemimetals the observable charge takes on the universal value $Q_{\infty} =Z_{c}$ set by the reciprocal of material's fine structure constant.

Fermion space charge in narrow-band gap semiconductors, Weyl semimetals and around highly charged nuclei