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We study the band structure of the $\text{Bi}_2\text{Se}_3$ topologicalinsulator (111) surface using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Weexamine the situation where two sets of quantized subbands exhibiting differentRashba spin-splitting are created via bending of the conduction (CB) and thevalence (VB) bands at the surface. While the CB subbands are strongly Rashbaspin-split, the VB subbands do not exhibit clear spin-splitting. We find thatCB and VB experience similar band bending magnitudes, which means, aspin-splitting discrepancy due to different surface potential gradients can beexcluded. On the other hand, by comparing the experimental band structure tofirst principles LMTO band structure calculations, we find that the stronglyspin-orbit coupled Bi 6$p$ orbitals dominate the orbital character of CB,whereas their admixture to VB is rather small. The spin-splitting discrepancyis, therefore, traced back to the difference in spin-orbit coupling between CBand VB in the respective subbands' regions.

Origin of Rashba-splitting in the quantized subbands at Bi2Se3 surface