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We report an experimental study of the longitudinal relaxation time ($T_1$)of the electron spin associated with single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defectshosted in nanodiamonds (ND). We first show that $T_1$ decreases over threeorders of magnitude when the ND size is reduced from 100 to 10 nm owing to theinteraction of the NV electron spin with a bath of paramagnetic centers lyingon the ND surface. We next tune the magnetic environment by decorating the NDsurface with Gd$^{3+}$ ions and observe an efficient $T_{1}$-quenching, whichdemonstrates magnetic noise sensing with a single electron spin. We estimate asensitivity down to $\approx 14$ electron spins detected within 10 s, using asingle NV defect hosted in a 10-nm-size ND. These results pave the way towards$T_1$-based nanoscale imaging of the spin density in biological samples.

Spin relaxometry of single nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond nanocrystals for magnetic noise sensing