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A method to calculate the crystal field parameters {\it ab initio} isproposed and applied to trivalent rare earth impurities in yttrium aluminateand to Tb$^{3+}$ ion in TbAlO$_3$. To determine crystal field parameters localHamiltonian expressed in basis of Wannier functions is expanded in a series ofspherical tensor operators. Wannier functions are obtained by transforming theBloch functions calculated using the density functional theory based program.The results show that the crystal field is continuously decreasing as thenumber of $4f$ electrons increases and that the hybridization of $4f$ stateswith the states of oxygen ligands is important. Theory is confronted withexperiment for Nd$^{3+}$ and Er$^{3+}$ ions in YAlO$_3$ and for Tb$^{3+}$ ionin TbAlO$_3$ and a fair agreement is found.

Crystal field with Wannier functions: Application to rare-earth aluminates