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We investigate a novel type of interlayer exchange coupling based on drivinga strong/weak/strong ferromagnetic tri-layer through the Curie point of theweakly ferromagnetic spacer, with the exchange coupling between the stronglyferromagnetic outer layers that can be switched, on and off, or variedcontinuously in magnitude by controlling the temperature of the material. Weuse Ni-Cu alloy of varied composition as the spacer material and model theeffects of proximity-induced magnetism and the interlayer exchange couplingthrough the spacer from first principles, taking into account not only thermalspin-disorder but also the dependence of the atomic moment of Ni on thenearest-neighbor concentration of the non-magnetic Cu. We propose anddemonstrate a gradient-composition spacer, with a lower Ni-concentration at theinterfaces, for greatly improved effective-exchange uniformity andsignificantly improved thermo-magnetic switching in the structure. The reportedmagnetic multilayer materials can form the base for a variety of novel magneticdevices, such as sensors, oscillators, and memory elements based onthermo-magnetic Curie-switching in the device.

Temperature-controlled interlayer exchange coupling in strong/weak ferromagnetic multilayers: a thermo-magnetic Curie-switch