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Silicene (a monolayer of silicon atoms) is a topological insulator, whichundergoes a topological phase transition to a band insulator under an externalelectric field. The spin polarization is unique and opposite at the K and K'points due to the spin-orbit coupling. Accordingly, silicene exhibits a strongcircular dichroism with respect to optical absorption, obeying a certainspin-valley selection rule. It is remarkable that this selection rule isdrastically different between these two types of insulators owing to a bandinversion taking place at the phase transition point. Hence we can tellexperimentally whether silicene is in the topological or band insulator phaseby circular dichroism. Furthermore the selection rule enables us to exciteelectrons with definite spin and valley indices by optical absorption.Photo-induced current is spin polarized, where the spin direction is differentbetween the topological and band insulators. It is useful for futurespintronics applications.

Spin-Valley Optical Selection Rule and Strong Circular Dichroism in Silicene