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A comprehensive study of the site location of Nd3 + ions in the BaMgF 4 ultratransparent ferroelectric crystal is presented. By combining different low-temperature optical spectroscopies and electron paramagnetic resonance, the crystal field energy levels of Nd3 + ions and the gyromagnetic factors are experimentally determined. These results are employed to perform the crystal field analysis of Nd3 + ions considering a Cs point symmetry. The crystal field calculation yields a small root-mean-square deviation of 18 cm -1 and reveals a large crystal field strength (621 cm -1), verifying the assignment of the Ba2 + cationic site as the location for Nd3 + ions in this fluoride host. The results suggest a slight displacement of Nd3 + from the barium regular site with a rearrangement of the fluorine ions around it. The work gives a deep insight into the properties of the Nd3 +-doped BaMgF 4 crystal, a ferroelectric widely ultra-transparent material with potential applications as optical device operating in the Vacuum Ultraviolet-Ultraviolet and midinfrared spectral regionsThis work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science under projects MAT2010-17443, MAT2010-21270-C04-02, Consolider-Ingenio MALTA CSD 2007-0045, and Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid under Grant 2009/MAT-175

physical review b

Local environment of optically active Nd<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math>ions in the ultratransparent BaMgF<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow /><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>ferroelectric crystal

Local environment of optically active Nd3+ions in the ultratransparent BaMgF4ferroelectric crystal