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We investigate the electronic reconstruction in(LaNiO$_{3}$)$_n$/(LaAlO$_{3}$)$_3$ (n=3, 5 and 10) superlattices due to thequantum confinement (QC) by d.c. transport and resonant soft x-ray absorptionspectroscopy. In proximity to the QC limit, a Mott-type transition from anitinerant electron behavior to a localized state is observed. The systemexhibits tendency towards charge-order during the transition. ab initio clustercalculations are in good agreement with the absorption spectra, indicating thatthe apical ligand hole density is highly suppressed resulting in a strongmodification of the electronic structure. At the dimensional crossover cellulardynamical-mean-field calculations support the emergence of a Mott insulatorground state in the heterostructured ultra-thin slab of LaNiO$_{3}$.

Quantum confinement of Mott electrons in ultrathin LaNiO3/LaAlO3 superlattice