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Epitaxial graphene grown on transition metal surfaces typically exhibits amoir\'e pattern due to the lattice mismatch between graphene and the underlyingmetal surface. We use both scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic forcemicroscopy (AFM) experiments to probe the electronic and topographic contrastof the graphene moir\'e on the Ir(111) surface. While STM topography isinfluenced by the local density of states close to the Fermi energy and thelocal tunneling barrier height, AFM is capable of yielding the 'true' surfacetopography once the background force arising from the van der Waals (vdW)interaction between the tip and the substrate is taken into account. We observea moir\'e corrugation of 35$\pm$10 pm, where the graphene-Ir(111) distance isthe smallest in the areas where the graphene honeycomb is atop the underlyingiridium atoms and larger on the fcc or hcp threefold hollow sites.

physical review. b, condensed matter and materials physics

Topographic and electronic contrast of the graphene moir\'e on Ir(111)  probed by scanning tunneling microscopy and non-contact atomic force  microscopy