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We report the first high pressure measurement of the Fe K-edge in hematite(Fe$_2$O$_3$) by X-ray absorption spectroscopy in partial fluorescence yieldgeometry. The pressure-induced evolution of the electronic structure asFe$_2$O$_3$ transforms from a high-spin insulator to a low-spin metal isreflected in the x-ray absorption pre-edge. The crystal field splitting energywas found to increase monotonically with pressure up to 48 GPa, above which aseries of phase transitions occur. Atomic multiplet, cluster diagonalization,and density-functional calculations were performed to simulate the pre-edgeabsorption spectra, showing good qualitative agreement with the measurements.The mechanism for the pressure-induced phase transitions of Fe$_2$O$_3$ isdiscussed and it is shown that ligand hybridization significantly reduces thecritical high-spin/low-spin pressure.

High pressure evolution of Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$ electronic structure revealed by X-ray absorption