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Using the strong coupling expansion of the compact and non-compact U(1)lattice gauge theory for monolayer graphene, we show analytically that fermionbandgap and pseudo Nambu--Goldstone exciton (pi-exciton) are dynamicallygenerated due to chiral symmetry breaking. The mechanism is similar to thegeneration of quark mass and pion excitation in quantum chromodynamics (QCD).We derive a formula for the pi-exciton analogous to theGell-Mann--Oakes--Renner (GOR) relation in QCD. Experimental confirmation ofthe GOR relation on a suspended monolayer graphene would be a clear evidence ofchiral symmetry breaking.

Chiral Gap and Collective Excitations in Monolayer Graphene from Strong Coupling Expansion of Lattice Gauge Theory