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We report on the local electronic structure of Fe impurities in MgO thinfilms. Using soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) we verified that the Feimpurities are all in the 2+ valence state. The fine details in the line shapeof the Fe $L_{2,3}$ edges provide direct evidence for the presence of adynamical Jahn-Teller distortion. We are able to determine the magnitude of theeffective $D_{4h}$ crystal field energies. We also observed a strongtemperature dependence in the spectra which we can attribute to the thermalpopulation of low-lying excited states that are present due to the spin-orbitcoupling in the Fe 3d. Using this Fe$^{2+}$ impurity system as an example, weshow that an accurate measurement of the orbital moment in Fe$_3$O$_4$ willprovide a direct estimate for the effective local low-symmetry crystal fieldson the Fe$^{2+}$ sites, important for the theoretical modeling of the formationof orbital ordering.

Local electronic structure of Fe$^{2+}$ impurities in MgO thin films: Temperature-dependent soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy study