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We have been able to resolve two long-standing issues that are central to thetheory of high Tc superconductivity: (1) How is the physics of the doped regionconnected to that of the Mott insulator? (2) What is the origin of thetwo-dimensionality of the normal state? Specifically, based on the t-J model,we derive a renormalized Hamiltonian to describe the properties of underdopedcuprates. The theory is constrained to agree with the behavior at half filling,which is well described by the bosonic RVB state of Arovas and Auerbach. Movingholes are assumed to destroy long-range magnetic order, which leads to a gap inthe spinon spectrum. The presence of the spin gap allows us to derive aconstrained Hamiltonian which describes sublattice-preserving hopping byrenormalized holons and holon pairs, accompanied by spinon singlet backflows.Below the singlet condensation, i.e, the psudogap (as distinct from the spingap), temperature T*, holons form a spinless Fermi liquid without an observablesmall Fermi surface. Above T* holons are localized, giving rise to a (gauge)insulator, which we identify with the strange metal phase. Holon pair hoppingleads to a robust d-wave superconductor, its symmetry determined primarily bythe symmetry of the RVB state at half filling. The predictions of the theoryare shown to be consistent with the results of nmr, tunneling and transportexperiments. Remarkably, the existence of the spin gap provides a naturalexplanation for the two-dimensionality of the normal state. The markedasymmetry between hole-doped and electron-doped cuprates is also easilyexplained.

A Consistent Theory of Underdoped Cuprates: Evolution of the RVB State From Half Filling