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We have investigated coupling constants in elementary electron-phononscattering processes on a graphite surface by the combined use ofhigh-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and very low-energyelectron diffraction (VLEED). HREELS is used to measure the modulations ofelectron transition probabilities from incoming electrons in vacuum to outgoingelectrons in vacuum where the transition includes one-phonon scatteringprocesses inside a solid. Determining the electronic band structures ofgraphite with VLEED, we defined electronic states of the solid surface thatelectrons entered before and after scattering off phonons. Thus, we observedthat the measured electron transition probabilities significantly depended onwhether the electrons were in a bulk Bloch state or an evanescent state beforescattering off the phonons. This result clearly indicates that the measuredelectron transition probabilities reflect the strength of the couplingconstants in the solid.

physical review. b, condensed matter and materials physics

Experimental Determination of Electron Transition Probabilities in  Elementary Electron-Phonon Scattering Processes Using Electron-Energy-Loss  Spectroscopy: The Example of Graphite