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Stone-Wales (SW) defects, analogous to dislocations in crystals, play animportant role in mechanical behavior of $sp^2$-bonded carbon based materials.Here, we show using first-principles calculations that a marked anisotropy inthe interaction among the SW defects has interesting consequences when suchdefects are present near the edges of a graphene nano-ribbon: depending ontheir orientation with respect to edge, they result in compressive or tensilestress, and the former is responsible to depression or warping of the graphenenano-ribbon. Such warping results in delocalization of electrons in the defectstates.

Anisotropy of the Stone-Wales Defect and Warping of Graphene Nano-ribbons: A First-principles Analysis