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Field-emission patterns from a clean tungsten tip apex induced by femtosecondlaser pulses have been investigated. Strongly asymmetric field-emissionintensity distributions are observed depending on three parameters: (1) thepolarization of the light, (2) the azimuthal and (3) the polar orientation ofthe tip apex relative to the laser incidence direction. In effect, we haverealized an ultrafast pulsed field-emission source with site selectivity of afew tens of nanometers. Simulations of local fields on the tip apex and ofelectron emission patterns based on photo-excited nonequilibrium electrondistributions explain our observations quantitatively. Electron emissionprocesses are found to depend on laser power and tip voltage. At relatively lowlaser power and high tip voltage, field-emission after two-photonphoto-excitation is the dominant process. At relatively low laser power and lowtip voltage, photoemission processes are dominant. As the laser powerincreases, photoemission from the tip shank becomes noticeable.

Laser-induced Field Emission from Tungsten Tip: Optical Control of Emission Sites and Emission Process