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An extensive {\it ab initio} study of the physical properties of both linearand zigzag atomic chains of all 4$d$ and 5$d$ transition metals (TM) within theGGA by using the accurate PAW method, has been carried out. All the TM linearchains are found to be unstable against the corresponding zigzag structures.All the TM chains, except Nb, Ag and La, have a stable (or metastable) magneticstate in either the linear or zigzag or both structures. Magnetic states appearalso in the sufficiently stretched Nb and La linear chains and in the largelycompressed Y and La chains. The spin magnetic moments in the Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, W,Re chains could be large ($\geq$1.0 $\mu_B$/atom). Structural transformationfrom the linear to zigzag chains could suppress the magnetism already in thelinear chain, induce the magnetism in the zigzag structure, and also cause achange of the magnetic state (ferromagnetic to antiferroamgetic or vice verse).The calculations including the spin-orbit coupling reveal that the orbitalmoments in the Zr, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir and Pt chains could berather large ($\geq$0.1 $\mu_B$/atom). Importantly, large magnetic anisotropyenergy ($\geq$1.0 meV/atom) is found in most of the magnetic TM chains,suggesting that these nanowires could have fascinating applications inultrahigh density magnetic memories and hard disks. In particular, giantmagnetic anisotropy energy ($\geq$10.0 meV/atom) could appear in the Ru, Re,Rh, and Ir chains. Furthermore, the magnetic anisotropy energy in severalelongated linear chains could be as large as 40.0 meV/atom. Aspin-reorientation transition occurs in the Ru, Ir, Ta, Zr, La and Zr, Ru, La,Ta and Ir linear chains when they are elongated. Remarkably, all the 5$d$ aswell as Tc and Pd chains show the colossal magnetic anisotropy (i.e., it isimpossible to rotate magnetization into certain directions). Finally, theelectronic band structure and density of states of the nanowires have also beencalculated in order to understand the electronic origin of the large magneticanisotropy and orbital magnetic moment as well as to estimate the conductionelectron spin polarization.

Magnetic moment and magnetic anisotropy of linear and zigzag 4{\it d} and 5{\it d} transition metal nanowires: First-principles calculations