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In this study we report on the film growth and characterization of thin(approximately 50 nm thick) Ti-Fe-C films deposited on amorphous quartz. Theexperimental studies have been complemented by first principles densityfunctional theory (DFT) calculations. Upon annealing of as-prepared films, thecomposition of the metastable Ti-Fe-C film changes. An iron-rich phase is firstformed close to the film surface, but with increasing annealing time this phaseis gradually displaced toward the film-substrate interface where its positionstabilizes. Both the magnetic ordering temperature and the saturationmagnetization changes significantly upon annealing. The DFT calculations showthat the critical temperature and the magnetic moment both increase withincreasing Fe and C-vacancy concentration. The formation of the metastableiron-rich Ti-Fe-C compound is reflected in the strong increase of the magneticordering temperature. Eventually, after enough annealing time ($\geq 10$minutes), nano-crystalline $\alpha$-Fe starts to precipitate and the amount andsize of these precipitates can be controlled by the annealing procedure; after20 minutes of annealing, the experimental results indicate a nano-crystallineiron-film embedded in a wear resistant TiC compound. This conclusion is furthersupported by transmission electron microscopy studies on epitaxial Ti-Fe-Cfilms deposited on single crystalline MgO substrates where, upon annealing, aniron film embedded in TiC is formed. Our results suggest that annealing ofmetastable Ti-Fe-C films can be used as an efficient way of creating awear-resistant magnetic thin film material.

A novel wear-resistant magnetic thin film material based on a $Ti_{1-x}Fe_xC_{1-y}$ nanocomposite alloy