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Using both the self-consistent Bogoliubov-de Gennes formulation andnon-self-consistent T-matrix approach, we perform a comprehensive investigationof the in-gap bound states induced by a localized single impurity in iron-basedsuperconductors. We focus on studying signatures associated with theunconventional sign-changed s-wave pairing symmetry. For a non-magneticimpurity, we find that there are two in-gap bounds, symmetric with respect tozero energy, only in the sign changed s-wave pairing state, not in thesign-unchanged s-wave state, due to the existence of non-trivial Andreev boundstates caused by the sign change. For a magnetic impurity, we find that due tothe breakdown of the local time-reversal symmetry, there exist only bound statesolutions (with orbital degeneracy) carrying one of the electron-spinpolarizations around the impurity. As increasing the scattering strength, thesystem undergoes a quantum phase transition (level crossing) from aspin-unpolarized ground state to a spin-polarized one. While the results forthe magnetic impurity are qualitatively similar in both the sign-changed andsign-unchanged s-wave superconducting states, the bound states in the firstcase are more robust and there is no $\pi$ phase shift of the SC gap near theimpurity in the strong scattering regime.

Impurity-induced bound states in iron-based superconductors with s-wave cos(kx)cos(ky) pairing symmetry