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Superconducting excitations --Bogoliubov quasiparticles -- are the quantummechanical mixture of negatively charged electron (-e) and positively chargedhole (+e). Depending on the applied voltage bias in STM one can sample theparticle and hole content of such a superconducting excitation. Recent ScanningTunneling Microscope (STM) experiments offer a unique insight into the innerworkings of the superconducting state of superconductors. We propose a newobservable quantity for STM studies that is the manifestation of theparticle-hole dualism of the quasiparticles. We call it a {\em Bogoliubovangle}. This angle measures the relative weight of particle and hole amplitudein the superconducting (Bogoliubov) quasiparticle. We argue that this quantitycan be measured locally by comparing the ratio of tunneling currents atpositive and negative biases. This Bogoliubov angle allows one to measuredirectly the energy and position dependent particle-hole admixture andtherefore visualize robustness of superconducting state locally. It may alsoallow one to measure the particle-hole admixture of excitations in normal stateabove critical temperature and thus may be used to measure superconductingcorrelations in pseudogap state.

Bogoliubov angle and visualization of particle-hole mixture in superconductors