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We propose a time-dependent approach to investigate the motion of electronsin quantum pump device configurations. The occupied one-particle states arepropagated in real time and used to calculate the local electron density andcurrent. An advantage of the present computational scheme is that the samecomputational effort is required to simulate monochromatic, polychromatic andnonperiodic drivings. Furthermore, initial state dependence and history effectsare naturally accounted for. This approach can also be embedded in theframework of time-dependent density functional theory to includeelectron-electron interactions. In the special case of periodic drivings wecombine the Floquet theory with nonequilibrium Green's functions and obtain ageneral expression for the pumped current in terms of inelastic transmissionprobabilities. This latter result is used for benchmarking our propagationscheme in the long-time limit. Finally, we discuss the limitations ofFloquet-based schemes and suggest our approach as a possible way to go beyondthem.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figure

Time-dependent approach to electron pumping in open quantum systems