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A new type of external fields violating the particle number preservation isstudied in one-dimensional strongly correlated systems by the Density MatrixRenormalization Group method. Due to the U(1) symmetry breaking, the groundstate has fluctuation of the total particle number, which implies injection ofelectrons and holes from out of the chain. This charge fluctuation can berelevant even at half-filling because the particle-hole symmetry is preservedwith the finite effective field. In addition, we discuss a quantum phasetransition obtained by considering the symmetry-breaking fields as a mean fieldof interchain-hopping.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

physical review. b, condensed matter and materials physics

<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>U</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>symmetry breaking in one-dimensional Mott insulators studied by the density matrix renormalization group method

U(1)symmetry breaking in one-dimensional Mott insulators studied by the density matrix renormalization group method