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Using the spectroscopies based upon x-ray absorption, we have studied thestructural and magnetic properties of Zn$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$O films ($x$ = 0.1 and0.25) produced by reactive magnetron sputtering. These films showferromagnetism with a Curie temperature $T_{\mathrm{C}}$ above room temperaturein bulk magnetization measurements. Our results show that the Co atoms are in adivalent state and in tetrahedral coordination, thus substituting Zn in thewurtzite-type structure of ZnO. However, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism atthe Co \textit{L}$_{2,3}$ edges reveals that the Co 3\textit{d} sublattice isparamagnetic at all temperatures down to 2 K, both at the surface and in thebulk of the films. The Co 3\textit{d} magnetic moment at room temperature isconsiderably smaller than that inferred from bulk magnetisation measurements,suggesting that the Co 3\textit{d} electrons are not directly at the origin ofthe observed ferromagnetism.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

physical review. b, condensed matter and materials physics

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Paramagnetism of the Co sublattice in ferromagneticZn1−xCoxOfilms