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We investigate and compare different optical probes of a condensed state ofmicrocavity polaritons in expected experimental conditions of non-resonantpumping. We show that the energy- and momentum-resolved resonant Rayleighsignal provide a distinctive probe of condensation as compared to, e.g.,photoluminescence emission. In particular, the presence of a collective soundmode both above and below the chemical potential can be observed, as well asfeatures directly related to the density of states of particle-hole likeexcitations. Both resonant Rayleigh response and the absorption andphotoluminescence, are affected by the presence of quantum well disorder, whichintroduces a distribution of oscillator strengths between quantum well excitonsat a given energy and cavity photons at a given momentum. As we show, thisdistribution makes it important that in the condensed regime, scattering bydisorder is taken into account to all orders. We show that, in the low densitylinear limit, this approach correctly describes inhomogeneous broadening ofpolaritons. In addition, in this limit, we extract a linear blue-shift of thelower polariton versus density, with a coefficient determined by temperatureand by a characteristic disorder length.

Absorption, photoluminescence, and resonant Rayleigh scattering probes of condensed microcavity polaritons