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Magnetic nanoparticles with Neel surface anisotropy, different internalstructures, surface arrangements and elongation are modelled as many-spinsystems. The results suggest that the energy of many-spin nanoparticles cutfrom cubic lattices can be represented by an effective one-spin potentialcontaining uniaxial and cubic anisotropies. It is shown that the values andsigns of the corresponding constants depend strongly on the particle's surfacearrangement, internal structure and elongation. Particles cut from a simplecubic lattice have the opposite sign of the effective cubic term, as comparedto particles cut from the face-centered cubic lattice. Furthermore, otherremarkable phenomena are observed in nanoparticles with relatively strongsurface effects: (i) In elongated particles surface effects can change the signof the uniaxial anisotropy. (ii) In symmetric particles (spherical andtruncated octahedral) with cubic core anisotropy surface effects can change itssign. We also show that the competition between the core and surfaceanisotropies leads to a new energy that contributes to both the 2nd- and4th-order effective anisotropies.

Effective anisotropies and energy barriers of magnetic nanoparticles with Neel surface anisotropy