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Magnetically pure spinel compound ${\rm LiV_2O_4}$ is a rare $d$-electronheavy fermion. Measurements on single crystals are needed to clarify themechanism for the heavy fermion behavior in the pure material. In addition, itis known that small concentrations ($< 1$ mol%) of magnetic defects in thestructure strongly affect the properties, and measurements on single crystalscontaining magnetic defects would help to understand the latter behaviors.Herein, we report flux growth of ${\rm LiV_2O_4}$ and preliminary measurementsto help resolve these questions. The magnetic susceptibility of some as-growncrystals show a Curie-like upturn at low temperatures, showing the presence ofmagnetic defects within the spinel structure. The magnetic defects could beremoved in some of the crystals by annealing them at 700 $^\circ$C\@. A veryhigh specific heat coefficient $\gamma$ = 450 mJ/(mol K${^2}$\@) was obtainedat a temperature of 1.8 K for a crystal containing a magnetic defectconcentration $n$${\rm_{defect}}$ = 0.5 mol%. A crystal with $n$${\rm_{defect}}$ = 0.01 mol% showed a residual resistivity ratio of 50.

physical review. b, condensed matter and materials physics

Crystallography, magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and electrical  resistivity of heavy fermion LiV$_2$O$_4$ single crystals grown using a  self-flux technique