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We show that the observed evolution of the transmission phase throughmulti-electron quantum dots with more than approximately ten electrons, whichshows a universal (i.e., independent of N) as yet unexplained behavior, isconsistent with an electrostatic model, where electron-electron interaction isdescribed by a mean-field approach. Moreover, we perform exact calculations foran open 1D quantum dot and show that carrier correlations may give rise to anon-universal (i.e., N-dependent) behavior of the transmission phase, ensuingfrom Fano resonances, which is consistent with experiments with a few (N < 10)carriers. Our results suggest that in the universal regime the coherenttransmission takes place through a single level while in the few-particleregime the correlated scattering state is determined by the number of boundparticles.

Phase lapses in scattering through multi-electron quantum dots: Mean-field and few-particle regimes