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The adsorption properties and the mechanism of induced diffusion of single Li atoms on Ag 001 have been investigated at 5 K by means of the low-temperature scanning-tunneling microscopy. On the basis of Li-Li pair distances, we have observed that there is no preferential adsorption site on Ag 001 . Li adatoms form pairs with one preferred adatom distance, most likely due to long-range interaction between Li adatoms mediated by electrons from the bulk. The manipulation experiments show that diffusion of single Li adatoms can be induced upon electron transfer into an unoccupied electronic state connected to a single Li adatom. The existence of such Li-induced state is also confirmed by spectroscopic measurements.

Substrate-mediated interaction and electron-induced diffusion of single lithium atoms on Ag(001)