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We investigate how the conductance G through a clean interacting quantum wireis affected by the presence of contacts and noninteracting leads. The contactsare defined by a vanishing two-particle interaction to the left and a finiterepulsive interaction to the right or vice versa. No additional single-particlescattering terms (impurities) are added. We first use bosonization and thelocal Luttinger liquid picture and show that within this approach G isdetermined by the properties of the leads regardless of the details of thespatial variation of the Luttinger liquid parameters. This generalizes earlierresults obtained for step-like variations. In particular, no single-particlebackscattering is generated at the contacts. We then study a microscopic modelapplying the functional renormalization group and show that the spatialvariation of the interaction produces single-particle backscattering, which inturn leads to a reduced conductance. We investigate how the smoothness of thecontacts affects G and show that for decreasing energy scale its deviation fromthe unitary limit follows a power law with the same exponent as obtained for asystem with a weak single-particle impurity placed in the contact region of theinteracting wire and the leads.Comment: 10 page, 4 figures included, minor changes in the summary, version  accepted for publication in PR

Influence of the contacts on the conductance of interacting quantum wires