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The coverage-dependent valence state of Tl adsorbed on a Si(111)-(7×7) surface and the coverage dependence of the charge states of surface Si atoms have been investigated by high-resolution core-level photoelectron spectroscopy. Although two different reconstructions were observed in low-energy electron diffraction at different coverages, a (1×1) pattern at a Tl coverage of 1 monolayer (ML) and a (√3×√3) pattern at a coverage of 1∕3 ML, the binding energy of the Tl 5d core-level was the same at Tl coverages up to 1 ML. Taking the valence state on a (1×1) surface reported in the literature into account, we conclude that the valence state of Tl is 1+, and that the 6s2 electrons of Tl are inactive as an inert pair in the Tl-Si bonding on a Si(111) surface at a coverage of 1 ML and below. In the Si 2p core-level spectra, one surface component was observed on the (1×1) surface, and three surface components were observed on the (√3×√3) surface. The binding energies and intensities of the Si 2p surface components indicate that the charge state of the surface Si atoms on Tl∕Si(111)-(1×1) is the same as that of the (√3×√3) surfaces induced by the other group III metals, but they are different on the Tl∕Si(111)-(√3×√3) surface

physical review b

Core-level photoemission study of thallium adsorbed on a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>111</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mtext>−</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>surface: Valence state of thallium and the charge state of surface Si atoms

Core-level photoemission study of thallium adsorbed on aSi(111)−(7×7)surface: Valence state of thallium and the charge state of surface Si atoms