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Co3V2O8 (CVO) has a geometrically frustrated magnetic lattice, a Kagomestaircase. The crystal structure consists of two inequivalent Co sites,one-dimensional chains of Co(2) spine sites, linked by Co(1) cross-tie sites.Neutron powder diffraction has been used to solve the basic magnetic andcrystal structures of this system, while polarized and unpolarized singlecrystal diffraction measurements have been used to reveal a variety ofincommensurate phases, interspersed with lock-in transitions to commensuratephases. CVO initially orders magnetically at 11.3 K into an incommensurate,transversely polarized, spin density wave state, with wave vector k=(0,delta,0)with delta=0.55 and the spin direction along the a axis. Delta is found todecrease monotonically with decreasing temperature, and then it locks into acommensurate antiferromagnetic structure with delta=0.5 for 6.9<T<8.6 K. Below6.9 K the magnetic structure becomes incommensurate again. Delta continues todecrease with decreasing temperature, and locks-in again at delta=1/3 over anarrow temperature range (6.2<T<6.5 K). The system then undergoes a stronglyfirst order transition to the ferromagnetic ground state (delta=0) at Tc=6.2 K.A dielectric anomaly is observed around the ferromagnetic transitiontemperature of 6.2 K, demonstrating a significant spin-charge coupling presentin CVO. A theory based on group theory analysis and a minimal Ising model withcompeting exchange interactions can explain the basic features of the magneticordering

physical review. b, condensed matter and materials physics

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Complex magnetic order in the kagomé staircase compoundCo3V2O8