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We have developed a full quantum microscopic theory to analyze the timeevolution of transversal and longitudinal components of an exciton-singlephoton system coupled to bulk acoustic phonons. These components are subjectedto two decay processes. One is radiative relaxation and the other ispure-dephasing due to exciton-phonon interaction. The former results in a decaywith an exponent linear to time, while the latter causes a faster initial decaythan the radiative decay. We analyzed the dependence of the components on theduration of the input one-photon pulse, temperature, and radiative relaxationrates. Such a quantitative analysis is important for the developments ofatom-photon interfaces which enable coherent transfer of quantum informationbetween photons and atomic systems. We found that, for a GaAs spherical quantumdot in which the exciton interacts with bulk phonons, the maximal probabilityof the excited state can be increased up to 75 %. This probability can beconsidered as the efficiency for quantum information transfer from photon toexciton.Comment: 9pages, 5figure

Influence of pure dephasing by phonons on exciton-photon interfaces: Quantum microscopic theory