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The question of the origin of the piezoelectric properties enhancement inperovskite ferroelectrics is approached by analyzing the Gibbs free energy oftetragonal BaTiO3, PbTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 in the framework of theLandau-Ginzburg-Devonshire theory. The flattening of the Gibbs free energyprofile appears as a fundamental thermodynamic process behind the piezoelectricenhancement. The generality of the approach is demonstrated by examining thefree energy flattening and piezoelectric enhancement as a function ofcomposition, temperature, electric field and mechanical stress. It is shownthat the anisotropy of the free energy flattening is the origin of theanisotropic enhancement of the piezoelectric response, which can occur eitherby polarization rotation or by polarization contraction. Giant enhancement ofthe longitudinal piezoelectric response (on the order of 1000 pC/N) ispredicted in PbTiO3 under uniaxial compression.Comment: 19 pages, 4 Figures, accepted in Phys. Rev.

physical review. b, condensed matter and materials physics

Piezoelectric response and free-energy instability in the perovskite crystals<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ti</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Pb</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ti</…

Piezoelectric response and free-energy instability in the perovskite crystalsBaTiO3,PbTi