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Exchange anisotropy in ferromagnet/antiferromagnet (FM/AF) films is usuallyintroduced along the cooling field or FM magnetization direction. Here weinvestigate the dependence of the exchange anisotropy, loop bifurcation, andreversal mechanism on the cooling field direction using vector magnetometry.Three types of samples (FM=Fe, Ni /AF = FeF2, MnF2) have been studied where theAF layer is epitaxial (110), twinned (110), and polycrystalline. With anepitaxial AF which has one spin axis, the cooling field orients the exchangefield along the spin axis. Applying the cooling field perpendicular to the spinaxis results in bifurcated loops, whose shape evolves with the cooling fieldgeometry and strength. With a twinned AF where there are two orthogonal spinaxes, the exchange field direction is along the bisector of the spin axes thatencompass the cooling field. With a polycrystalline AF, the exchange fielddirection is the same as the cooling field. Transverse hysteresis loops showthat when the exchange field has a component perpendicular to the appliedfield, the magnetization reversal occurs by rotation in the direction of theperpendicular component. Our results demonstrate that in fluoride films, theexchange field is established primarily by the AF anisotropy direction, andonly to a lesser extent the cooling field or the magnetization direction. Thebifurcated loops are due to a distribution of AF anisotropies and large AFdomain sizes. Furthermore, the magnetization reversal process is extremelysensitive to the exchange field direction.Comment: 28 pages, 1 table, 7 figures, to appear in PR

Angular dependence of exchange anisotropy on the cooling field in ferromagnet/fluoride thin films