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Motivated by the recently discovered microwave-induced ``zero-resistance''states in two-dimensional electron systems, we study the microwavephotoconductivity of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) subject to aunidirectional static periodic potential. The combination of this potential,the classically strong magnetic field, and the microwave radiation may resultin an anisotropic negative conductivity of the 2DEG. Similar to the case of asmooth random potential, two mechanisms contribute to the negativephotoconductivity. The displacement mechanism arises from electron transitionsdue to disorder-assisted microwave absorption and emission. Thedistribution-function mechanism arises from microwave-induced changes in theelectron distribution. However, the replacement of a smooth random potential bythe unidirectional one, leads to different relative strengths of the twocontributions to the photoconductivity. The distribution function mechanismdominates the photoconductivity in the direction of the static potentialmodulation, while both mechanisms contribute equally strongly to thephotoconductivity in the perpendicular direction. The unidirectionality of thestatic potential simplifies greatly the evaluation of the photoconductivities,which follow directly from Fermi's golden rule.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figure

Microwave photoconductivity of two-dimensional electron systems with unidirectional periodic modulation