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A magnetite (Fe3O4) single crystal (111) surface has been studied at variousoxygen-iron surface stoichiometries. The stoichiometry was modified bycontrolling the in-situ sample anneal conditions. We have found the conditionsthat lead to the formation of an oxygen-rich surface that forms aquasi-hexagonal superstructure with a 42A periodicity. The superstructure ishighly regular and was observed by both LEED and STM. The superstructureconsists of three regions, two of which have identical atomic scale structureswith a periodicity of 2.8A, and a third having a periodicity that is about 10%larger (3.1A). The subtle difference in the atomic periodicities between thethree areas results from the modulation of intrinsic strain developed along thesurface. The superstructure results from electronic effects rather than being amosaic of different iron oxide terminations. The onset of the superstructure issensitive to the surface stoichiometry. From our results we could estimate thecritical density of defects leading to the disappearance of the superstructure.We have modelled the experimental results and calculated the electron densityusing a DFT algorithm. The model clearly shows the development of strain alongthe surface.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Room temperature study of a strain-induced electronic superstructure on a magnetite (111) surface