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We study the effect of hedgehog suppression in the O(3) sigma model in D=2+1.We show via Monte Carlo simulations that the sigma model can be disorderedwhile effectively forbidding these point topological defects. The resultingparamagnetic state has gauge charged matter with half-integer spin (spinons)and also an emergent gauge field (photons), whose existence is explicitlydemonstrated. Hence, this is an explicit realization of fractionalization in amodel with global SU(2) symmetry. The zero temperature ordering transition fromthis phase is found to be continuous but distinct from the regular Heisenbergordering transition. We propose that these phases and this phase transition arecaptured by the {\it noncompact} $CP^1$ model, which contains a pair of bosonicfields coupled to a noncompact U(1) gauge field. Direct simulation of thetransition in this model yields critical exponents that support this claim. Theeasy-plane limit of this model also displays a continuous zero temperatureordering transition, which has the remarkable property of being self-dual. Thepresence of emergent gauge charge and hence Coulomb interactions is evidencedby the presence of a finite temperature Kosterlitz-Thouless transitionassociated with the thermal ionization of the gauge charged spinons.Generalization to higher dimensions and the effects of nonzero hedgehogfugacity are discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures. Phase boundaries in fig7 corrected, reference  added. To appear in Phys. Rev.

physical review. b, condensed matter and materials physics

Emergent photons and transitions in the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math>sigma model with hedgehog suppression

Emergent photons and transitions in theO(3)sigma model with hedgehog suppression