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Using a plane wave pseudopotential approach to density functional theory weinvestigate the electron localization length in various oxides. For thispurpose, we first set up a theory of the band-by-band decomposition of thisquantity, more complex than the decomposition of the spontaneous polarization(a related concept), because of the interband coupling. We show itsinterpretation in terms of Wannier functions and clarify the effect of thepseudopotential approximation. We treat the case of different oxides: BaO,$\alpha$-PbO, BaTiO$_3$ and PbTiO$_3$. We also investigate the variation of thelocalization tensor during the ferroelectric phase transitions of BaTiO$_3$ aswell as its relationship with the Born effective charges

Electron localization: Band-by-band decomposition and application to oxides