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We discuss physical properties of strongly correlated electron states for alinear chain obtained with the help of the recently proposed new methodcombining the exact diagonalization in the Fock space with an ab initioreadjustment of the single-particle orbitals in the correlated state. Themethod extends the current discussion of the correlated states since theproperties are obtained with varying lattice spacing. The finite system of Natoms evolves with the increasing interatomic distance from a Fermi-liquid-likestate into the Mott insulator. The criteria of the localization are discussedin detail since the results are already convergent for N>=8. During thisprocess the Fermi-Dirac distribution gets smeared out, the effective band massincreases by ~50%, and the spin-spin correlation functions reduce to those forthe Heisenberg antiferromagnet. Values of the microscopic parameters such asthe hopping and the kinetic-exchange integrals, as well as the magnitude ofboth intra- and inter-atomic Coulomb and exchange interactions are calculated.We also determine the values of various local electron-lattice couplings andshow that they are comparable to the kinetic exchange contribution in thestrong-correlation limit. The magnitudes of the dimerization and the zero-pointmotion are also discussed. Our results provide a canonical example of atractable strongly correlated system with a precise, first-principledescription as a function of interatomic distance of a model system involvingall hopping integrals, all pair-site interactions, and the exact one-bandWannier functions.Comment: 18 pages, REVTEX, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Electronic states, Mott localization, electron-lattice coupling, and dimerization for correlated one-dimensional systems